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What is described as a horizontal structural member in construction?

  1. Beam

  2. Column

  3. Joist

  4. Truss

The correct answer is: Joist

A horizontal structural member in construction is best described as a beam. Beams are specifically designed to support loads and span horizontal distances, transferring the load to vertical members such as columns or walls. They are crucial components in the overall stability and strength of a structure. Joists, while also horizontal members, are typically used to support floors or ceilings and are smaller in stature compared to beams. Columns are vertical structural elements that support loads from beams and other members. Trusses are frameworks made up of triangular units and are used for spanning large distances, but they also do not fit the definition of a simple horizontal member like a beam. Hence, recognizing a beam's role as a primary horizontal structural element is essential for understanding construction principles.